COUNTERFEITING AND PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTS I.

The classification of mosquito blood cells is controversial, complicated by the small size and number of cells one can obtain per mosquito, by the autofluorescent debris found in hemolymph, and the tendency of phagocytes to take up this autofluorescent debris. Much of the classification has been performed morphologically on cytospins of isolated cells. Imaging flow cytometry yields simultaneously acquired bright field, scatter, and fluorescent images of cells in suspension, enabling better resolution of rare cells from debris.

Manufacturing has been paid dividends for many years through the use of quality tools such as statistical process control, quality function deployment, vendor audit management, hazard analysis critical control points (HACCP), value stream analysis, and other valuation methods. In the highly regulated industries that manufacture pharmaceuticals, foods, and cosmetics, the quality control ‘scientists’ have been typically known to perform sampling and testing for determining the acceptability of finished products. During the past decade, the pharmaceutical industry has seen a significant regulator-industry aligned paradigm change and an important leap into the formality of quality improvement using quality tools. The paradigm of final product testing (and the myth of ‘testing quality into products’) has been challenged by both the industry and regulators. Recent industry and regulatory support of ‘risk-based’ concepts and principles are intended to produce a ‘desired state’ of industry development and production of pharmaceuticals that have a higher level of consistency in meeting purity, safety, and efficacy than in prior history.

Discovering new “drug-like” and synthetically viable compounds via artificial intelligence (AI) is of great interest to medicinal chemists.

Competency-based medical education (CBME) requires a vigorous and multidimensional assessment system. In order to successfully implement CBME, assessment processes must be continuous and frequent.